Gendered access to cooking energy solutions under multi-tier frameworks and its welfare effects in Zambia
Having a modern cooking stove at the household level provides an incomplete measure of cooking energy access. This limitation has necessitated the introduction of a multi-tier framework (MTF) to provide a more nuanced assessment. Thus, this study examines the overall, gendered, and rural-urban effects of cooking energy access under the MTF on health and time allocation to various household activities.