Policymakers have little experience regarding designing the right levels of pricing for plastic bags. The ineffectiveness of charging for bags, in countries such as South Africa, makes it imperative that we map the demand curve. Getting the charge “right” depends on the size of the externality. Charging for bags is therefore an effective intervention to encourage consumers to carry their own bags to the stores. We employ a contingent behaviour (CB) dataset necessary to estimate the charge level that is likely to lead to a reduction in bag use over time.

By analyzing high-frequency data of mobile platform transactions in a large Chinese city, this paper explores the effects of digital coupons on catering and retailing businesses. The results show that digital coupons could generate positive and sustainable effects on the turnover and total sales of local catering and retailing businesses. These positive effects are found for catering and retailing businesses of all sizes, especially large merchants.

We apply the Fishery Performance Indicators (FPIs) methodology to the Southeast Pacific Anchoveta Fishery off southern Peru and northern Chile. Our basic model of analysis is a production function framework, where the performance outcomes are a result of the available inputs. We measured all FPI categories (outcomes and input metrics) and then grouped the metrics into different dimensions suitable for analysis. We obtained the value of each metric from different sources using expert evaluation and secondary information.

Using a spatially explicit framework with low/middle-income country coastal characteristics, we explore whether aspatial policies augment the impact of marine protected areas(MPAs)and identify when MPAs create income burdens on communities. When MPAs are small and budget-constrained, they cannot resolve all of the marinescape’s open-access issues, but they can create win-win opportunities for ecological and economic goals at lower levels of enforcement.

The Training Manual on Climate Smart Agriculture Practices for Belize is intended to be used by technicians and teams working within the Extension Office of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries, the Environment, Sustainable Development and Immigration (MAFFESDI) of Belize, as well as personnel from both Agriculture and Cooperative Departments. Additionally, the manual can be used by technicians linked to producer organizations or agriculture research and development centers.