The short-term impact of air pollution on medical expenditures: Evidence from Beijing
EfD Authors:
We identify the short-term effects of PM2.5 concentrations on medical costs in Beijing by analyzing two datasets: one detailing daily air quality indexes over a four-year period and the other containing individual-level records of all health care visits and medical transactions that occurred under a government insurance program that covers most city residents. We find that both higher levels of air pollution and longer-lasting pollution episodes significantly increase health care visits and medical expenditures.
Training Manual on Climate Smart Agriculture Practices for Belize: Animal Management
EfD Authors:
The Training Manual on Climate Smart Agriculture Practices for Belize is intended to be used by technicians and teams working within the Extension Office of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries, the Environment, Sustainable Development and Immigration (MAFFESDI) of Belize, as well as personnel from both Agriculture and Cooperative Departments. Additionally, the manual can be used by technicians linked to producer organizations or agriculture research and development centers.
Role of Social Health Insurance in Achieving Universal Health Coverage
EfD Authors:
Background: Sustainable financing is the key to achieving universal health coverage (UHC). Kenya is keen on attaining the UHC by expanding the National Hospital Insurance Fund (NHIF). Methods: We extracted findings from the National Health Accounts (NHA) for Financial Years 2016/17 to 2018/19, the 2018 Kenya Household Health Expenditure and Utilization Survey, and evidence from other health sector documents that assessed health sector performance. Publications reporting access to health services were included to consolidate the findings.
From theory to action: Explaining the process of knowledge attitudes and practices regarding the use and disposal of plastic among school children
Environmental education is regarded as a key instrument for promoting pro-environmental behavior in early childhood. In this paper, we analyze the transmission process within a personal value system including knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding the consumption and disposal of plastics among school children, and the extent to which parents play a role in mediating that transmission. The study gathers data from a sample of 1,521 children in southern Chile.
Chasing clean air: pollution-induced travels in China
EfD Authors:
This study uses “big” data to empirically investigate a highly effective, but underexamined way of reducing one’s exposure toward air pollution—short-term travel. We determine subscribers’ locations using mobile phones’ signals and thereby establish linkages between air pollution and short-term population movements between cities in China.
The Costs of "Blue Sky": Environmental Regulation, Technology Upgrading, and Labor Demand in China
EfD Authors:
To cope with the stricter environmental regulation, manufacturing firms need to carry out pollution reduction activities and change their optimal production decisions, which may affect their labor demand.