Agricultural production in Kenya is predominantly rain-fed and highly vulnerable to climate variability and change. Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) is thus being promoted with the aim of increasing agricultural productivity, adapting to the changing climate, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Despite increased adoption of CSA practices by smallholder farmers, the heterogenous welfare effects are hardly understood as the results have been mixed.

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Globally, households are exposed to various magnitudes of vulnerability within the context of solid waste management. Persistence in unsustainable waste management practices may interfere with climate change impact. This research aims at assessing knowledge and exposure of households due to unsustainable waste practices which may infringe on climate change impacts and adaptation in Ebonyi state. Identified households with varying magnitude of vulnerability provide focus for improving climate change adaptation, knowledge and reduce exposure to related impact of climate in Ebonyi State.

Home gardening has continued to gain increased interest among researchers because of its role in promoting household food security and strengthening local agrifood systems, particularly in developing countries like Nigeria. In times of shocks like the COVID-19 pandemic, which severely disrupted food supply chains, it offers significant potential to drive sustainable household food supply. However, its potential to fully support household food supply in Nigeria remains underutilized.

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