Estimating the cost to society from a ton of CO 2, termed the social cost of carbon (SCC), requires connecting a model of the climate system with a representation of the economic and social effects of changes in climate, and the aggregation of diverse, uncertain impacts across both time and space. A growing literature has examined the effect of fundamental structural elements of the models supporting SCC calculations. This work has accumulated in a piecemeal fashion, leaving their relative importance unclear.

AbstractThe realization of a sustainable energy transition in Southeast Asia will require the overcoming of the current high reliance on fossil fuels in the energy mix and the steady and rapid growth in energy demand in the region. To achieve an economically, socially, and environmentally sustainable energy transition in the region, it is vital to utilize all available renewable energy sources to the greatest extent possible. It is therefore essential to gain an understanding of how citizens in each country perceive the available renewables.

This chapter introduces the book on Vietnam's economic development from 1990 to 2023. It provides an overview of how Vietnam has grown into a strong economy in Southeast Asia through investments in education, health, and infrastructure. The chapter summarizes the main points from the other chapters in the book, which discuss various topics like agriculture, energy, finance, industry, economic development, and productivity. It highlights key findings and challenges, such as dealing with climate change, reducing income inequality, and promoting sustainable development.