We investigate gender differences in competitiveness using a lab-in-the-field experiment and a subject pool consisting of Chinese adults following the design by Niederle and Vesterlund (2007). China provides an interesting environment to study since the country has promoted gender equality for a long time and the gender gap in earnings is small in cross-country comparisons. However, in many respects, China is still a patriarchal society. Our results show that women perform equally well as men in a piece-rate task and significantly better in a competitive payment environment.

We study how partners in a household make decisions for themselves and for their spouses regarding intertemporal choices in a field experiment in rural China. We find that men, but not women, make decisions that are more patient for their spouses compared with their predictions of their spouses’ decisions, in particular when choices involved two delayed options. Instead the decisions for their spouse are close to the decisions they made for themselves. At the same time, we find evidence of sorting of preferences within households, i.e.