Vietnam’s electricity consumption relative to its average national income per capita is significantly higher than that of similar countries like India or China. Current electricity use is not sustainable and in the future may threaten energy supply security. Of the total electricity consumption, the residential sector accounts for up to a third, making it a critical component for policy interventions.

Abstract

This study examines the macroeconomic determinants of renewable energy consumption in Tanzania using time-series data from 1990 to 2020.

The phase-out of unabated coal power is crucial for meeting climate agreements in coal-dependent economies such as Indonesia and Vietnam. Despite both countries committing to the 2021 Global Coal to Clean Power Transition Statement, translating phase-out pledges into action poses considerable challenges. Drawing insights from interviews with government, civil society, and industry experts, this study identifies the key barriers hindering coal phase-out in each country.