Abstract
This study investigates cybersecurity risks in Demand Response systems within smart grids across Sub-Saharan Africa, where rapid adoption of digital energy infrastructure to meet escalating energy demands introduces significant vulnerabilities. Through qualitative case studies from Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa, we identify critical threats, including ransomware, data breaches, and false data injection attacks, which are amplified by aging infrastructure, insecure Internet of Things devices, and inconsistent regulatory frameworks. These risks threaten grid reliability, data security, and public trust in smart grid technologies. To address these challenges, we propose a multi-layered mitigation framework that integrates technical solutions, such as quantum-resistant encryption and AI-driven anomaly detection, with organizational strategies, including workforce training and incident response protocols, and collaborative approaches, such as public-private partnerships and regional threat intelligence sharing. Tailored to SSA's unique socio-economic and infrastructural context, this framework aims to foster resilient and sustainable energy systems that support equitable energy access and align with global climate objectives, ensuring SSA's smart grids contribute effectively to the region's energy transition.
