http://www.efdinitiative.org daily 1 2007-08-27T15:20:58Z http://www.efdinitiative.org/research/projects/project-repository/incentives-to-cooperate-with-marine-protected-areas-as-a-function-of-location-mnazi-bay-ruvuma-estuary-marine-park-case-study As marine protected areas (MPAs) are applied in poor countries, and in particular in Mnazi Bay, Tanzania, managers recognize that the success of the MPA in protecting fish, biodiversity, and reefs stems from the response of local people – whether that response comes from direct enforcement activities or from incentives to cooperate with new restrictions. In Mnazi Bay, managers are combining enforcement of new regulations on fishing locations and technology with investments in community-based projects and resource management councils and widespread education efforts. In the terrestrial setting, integrated development-conservation projects (ICDPs) typically failed due to a lack of linkage between the development projects and conservation incentives and goals, leaving the development projects as compensation for losses associated with enforcement of access restrictions. MPA implementation seeks to avoid such failures and induce cooperation by focusing on projects that rely on healthy oceans and mangrove forests in addition to providing new technologies like larger mesh nets. No publisher karinbackteman Albers, Heidi, Elizabeth Robinson and Razack Lokina(2010), "Incentives to Cooperate with Marine Protected Areas As a Function of Location: Mnazi Bay Ruvuma Estuary Marine Park Case Study", EFD 2010 research project. Common pool resources Regulation Corruption Marine and aquatic resources Enforcement 2010-03-26T13:06:18Z Article http://www.efdinitiative.org/research/projects/project-repository/impact-of-land-certification-on-tree-growing-on-private-plots-of-rural-households-evidence-from-the-amhara-region-of-ethiopia Sustained agricultural growth is important for poverty reduction in Africa due to the significant role of the sector in the continent. The performance of agriculture depends, among others, on appropriate investment in the sector and the latter is constrained by a multitude of factors including land tenure insecurity. In the presence of tenure insecurity, the risk of losing land will create a disincentive to undertake investments when the present value of the productivity benefits from such investments would, under full tenure security, be higher than their cost. No publisher karinbackteman Kassie, Menale, Alemu Mekonnen and Stein Holden(2010,) "Impact of land certification on tree growing on private plots of rural households: evidence from the Amhara region of Ethiopia", EFD 2010 research project Ethiopian farm households Tenure Tree plantation Agricultural productivity Propensity score matching 2010-03-26T12:49:26Z Article http://www.efdinitiative.org/research/projects/project-repository/impact-of-biofuel-investment-on-growth-and-poverty-reduction-in-ethiopia-cge-analysis Given the volatility of world oil prices and the recent all time high, which increased their popularity, bio-fuels have received a great deal of attention globally. The central question in here is whether this will have a positive or a negative impact on smallholder farmers and people living in rural areas, as more agricultural land will be used for biofuels production? No publisher karinbackteman Gebreegziabher, Zenebe,Tekie Alemu,Alemu Mekonnen andRahel Deribe (2010), "Impact of Biofuel Investment on Growth and Poverty Reduction in Ethiopia: CGE Analysis", EFD 2010 research project. Rural Poverty Biofuels Macro models 2010-03-26T12:24:33Z Article http://www.efdinitiative.org/research/projects/project-repository/impact-of-uncertainty-and-pro-social-attitudes-on-household2019s-solid-waste-management-decisions-starting-from-scratch-in-a-ldc Solid waste management is a severe environmental problem in many urban areas in the developing world. In particular, Costa Rica has been faced with an increasing amount of waste generation, with one quarter of total waste being collected and disposed by households only. Therefore, a good understanding of households as the source of waste generation and their response to policy incentives is necessary to achieve effective and efficient environmental protection (Bartone and Bernstein, 1993; Pearce and Turner, 1994). No publisher karinbackteman Alpízar, Francisco and Elisabeth Gsottbauer (2010) "Impact of uncertainty and pro-social attitudes on household’s solid waste management decisions: starting from scratch in a LDC" EfD 2010 project Trust and social capital Pollution Field experiments Lab experiments Health impact 2010-03-26T12:05:29Z Article http://www.efdinitiative.org/research/projects/project-repository/land-reforms-in-asia-and-africa-impacts-on-poverty-and-natural-resource-management In this research project EfD aims to draw lessons from land reforms in several Asian and African countries. The findings will be presented in a book edited by Professors Stein Holden and Keijiro Otsuka and titled "Land Reforms in Asia and Africa - Impacts on Poverty and Natural Resource Management". No publisher karinbackteman Deforestation Forest management Poverty Tenure Land degradation Agricultural productivity 2010-01-29T06:24:21Z Article http://www.efdinitiative.org/research/projects/project-repository/dynamics-of-rural-fuel-demand-a-two-period-model-for-ethiopia Most of the studies so far/literature on rural fuel demand and supply, in general, and those on Ethiopia, in particular, are apparently static, with no time dimension. No publisher rtewolde Biomass fuels Fuel choice Energy efficiency 2010-05-12T13:19:18Z Article http://www.efdinitiative.org/research/projects/project-repository/urban-energy-transition-and-technology-adoption-the-case-of-tigrai-northern-ethiopia Deforestation in Ethiopia has resulted in growing fuel scarcity and higher firewood prices in urban centers. Urban centers have long been dependent on the rural hinterlands for their fuel. The use of biofuels of rural origin covers about 90% of the urban fuel use. The dependence of urban centers on their rural hinterlands has aggravated the deforestation. One response to reducing the pressure of urban centers on their rural hinterlands could be through substitutions between or switching from one fuel to another, i.e., through energy transition. For example, through substituting away or switching from fuelwood to electricity. Electricity as cooking fuel is cleaner and do not cause deforestation. No publisher rtewolde Community forests Deforestation Biomass fuels Biofuels 2010-05-12T13:51:44Z Article http://www.efdinitiative.org/research/projects/project-repository/crop-biodiversity-and-food-security-in-the-highlands-of-ethiopia Production risk is one of the quintessential features of agriculture in Ethiopia. Unpredictable weather can expose farm households to significant production uncertainty and serious hardship. Under harsh climatic and agro-ecological conditions, this can result in food insecurity and famine. During the last 40 years, Ethiopia has experienced many severe droughts leading to production levels that fell short of basic subsistence levels for many farm households (REST and NORAGRIC 1995, p. 137). Harvest failure due to drought is the most important cause of risk-related hardship of Ethiopian rural households, with adverse effects on farm household consumption and welfare (Dercon 2004, 2005). When facing prospects of harvest failure, ex ante farm production decisions, such as crop or varietal choice, remain a part of risk-management strategies (Just and Candler 1985; Fafchamps 1992; Chavas and Holt 1996; Dercon 1996; Smale et al. 1998). In dry environments, farmers’ reliance on crop biodiversity is an essential part of ex ante risk management strategies. Thus, the conservation of relevant germplasms is instrumental to hedge against weather related uncertainty. No publisher rtewolde Ecosystems Ethiopian farm households Biodiversity Poverty Agricultural productivity 2010-05-12T13:21:26Z Article http://www.efdinitiative.org/research/projects/project-repository/conservation-polices-and-labor-markets-unraveling-the-effects-of-national-parks-on-local-wages-in-costa-rica The parks’ entrance location and the possibility of agricultural workers to switch to service activities can be important tools to take advantage of the economic benefits of parks. No publisher maria Rural Poverty Propensity score matching 2010-05-12T12:01:04Z Article http://www.efdinitiative.org/research/projects/project-repository/household-forest-values-under-varying-management-regimes-in-rural-ethiopia-1 Ethiopia’s forest cover is estimated at less than 4% of the total land area of about 1 million km2. The consequences of deforestation and forest degradation include reduced agricultural production and decreased household welfare. The Ethiopian government promulgated a forest proclamation and approved the first forest policy in 2007. In its recent comprehensive plan referred to as Plan for Accelerated and Sustained Development to End Poverty (PASDEP), the government also indicated its plan to increase forest cover from about 4% to 9% over a period of five years. The reality on the ground suggests that there is continuing deforestation and mismanagement of existing forests. The government has acknowledged in its forestry laws and regulations that depletion of these resources have resulted in reduced agricultural productivity and subsequently reduced quality of life of the rural people. Moreover, frequent restructuring of the main government body responsible for natural resources in general and forestry in particular meant different levels of attention paid to the sector with its implications for staffing and continuity of programs. No publisher menale Deforestation Forest management Poverty Fuel choice Decomposition Agricultural productivity 2010-05-12T13:15:48Z Article http://www.efdinitiative.org/research/projects/project-repository/quantification-and-valuation-of-the-water-treatment-services-of-wetlands-at-a-landscape-scale Wetlands are considered to perform a number of ecosystem services, including the improvement of water quality. However, few empirical studies have been carried out on the capacity of wetlands to perform a water treatment function, or on the demand for this function, with the result that most estimates of the value of this service are based on a weak foundation. Furthermore, the measurement of this function is confounded by the complications in trying to assess water quality entering and leaving wetlands because of surface to groundwater interactions. No publisher davidandersson Drinking water Water management Wetlands 2010-05-14T06:30:52Z Article http://www.efdinitiative.org/research/projects/project-repository/impact-of-climate-policy-and-policy-instruments-on-investment-on-environment Scepticism with respect to the consequences of climate change is declining worldwide as this issue takes a prominent place on global political agenda. However, the overall extent and magnitude of climate change consequences are still extremely uncertain. As such, any economic analysis of climate change must take cognisance of the economics of risk and uncertainty. No publisher davidandersson Climate Change Climate policy 2009-06-24T09:28:00Z Article http://www.efdinitiative.org/research/projects/project-repository/ex-ante-economic-analysis-of-kenya2019s-particpation-in-the-proposed-reduced-emissions-from-avoded-deforestation-redd-climate-mitigation-scheme Tropical deforestation, degradation and forest clearing are important contributors to green house emissions. Some studies approximate that as much as 25% of all carbon dioxide arise from deforestation and degradation. No publisher davidandersson Deforestation Climate policy Land degradation Tree plantation 2010-05-14T08:37:58Z Article http://www.efdinitiative.org/research/projects/project-repository/the-optimal-pricing-of-national-parks-with-nationality-based-price-discrimination-and-park-substitution Nature based tourism is a popular and rapidly growing industry in South Africa. Developing nations are finding it useful to use their natural resources in order to create competitive advantage over the developed world. No publisher davidandersson Wildlife management Regulation Valuation 2010-05-14T06:32:23Z Article http://www.efdinitiative.org/research/projects/project-repository/corruption-reform-and-environmental-policy-in-the-forest-sector-in-kenya In recent times many developing countries have experienced degradation of their natural resource base namely forests, water, fisheries etc. The resource degradation has largely been blamed on the management regime of these resources. In this study we investigate the local evolution and current status of forest management regimes in Kenya. No publisher davidandersson Deforestation Forest management Regulation Corruption 2010-05-12T13:56:37Z Article